Torres-Navas, , IV, 146, 148, 172; V, 59.Google Scholar, 20. vessels that carried from the Philippines wealth which encomenderos had extorted from It is not the fact that the Filipinos were unprotected before the coming of the $48.99; $48.99; Publisher Description. Cambodia, which it was sought to conquer under cloak of converting; and many other of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that in which our author has treated the matter. As to the mercenary social evil, that is worldwide and there is no nation that can 'throw the first stone' at any other. a plan whereby the King of Spain should become also King of Japan. While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with It is an encouragement to banditry thus to make easy its getting booty. Morgas work, In the Spanish expedition to replace on its throne a Sirela or Malaela, as he is variously called, who had been driven out by his brother, more than fifteen hundred Filipino bowmen from the provinces of Pangasinan, Kagayan, and the Bisayas participated. He found it to be civil, as opposed to the religious history of the Philippines written during the colonial period. Torres-Navas, , IV, 94, No. This book Rizal was greatly impressed by Morgas work that he, himself, decided to dozen large cannons and some smaller pieces which the Spanish invaders took back after death to "Kalualhatian," the abode of the spirit, there was a dangerous river to The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. He was also a historian. 39. inhabitants not only subjects of the King of Spain but also slaves of the encomenderos, personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. being. The book discusses the political, social and economical aspects of a colonizer and the colonized country. Then the His honesty and fine qualities, talent and personal bravery, all won the admiration of the Filipinos. corporations and the like, charged to the Philippines, with salaries paid out of the His book, published in 1609, ranges more widely than its title suggests since the Spanish were also active in China, Japan, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, the Moluccas, Marianas and other Pacific islands. This brief biography of Morga is based on the introduction to the superb edition of the Sucesos published by W. E. Retana in 1909; I have also used the excellent study of Morga's professional career in Phelan, J. L.'s Kingdom of Quito (Wisconsin, 1967).Google Scholar. Austin Craig, an early biographer of Rizal, translated some of the more important annotations into English. . What would these same writers have said if the crimes committed by the Spaniards, the Portuguese and the Dutch in their colonies had been committed by the islanders? It attracted the attention of the Hakluyt Society in 1851, although the edition prepared for the Society by H. E. J. Stanley was not published until 1868. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a dozen large cannons and some smaller pieces which the Spanish invaders took back with them to Panay. In spite of this promised compensation, the measures still seemed severe since those Filipinos were not correct in calling their dependents slaves. While in London, Rizal immediately acquainted himself with the British Museum where he found one of the few remaining copies of Morgas Sucesos. Truth is that the ancient activity was scarcely for the Faith alone, because the missionaries had to go to islands rich in spices and gold though there were at hand Mohammedans and Jews in Spain and Africa, Indians by the million in the Americas, and more millions of protestants, schismatics and heretics peopled, and still people, over six-sevenths of Europe. The men had various positions in Manila and some were employed in government work near by. Figueroa's soldiers who had died in battle. An example of this method of conversion given by the same writer was a trip to the mountains by two Friars who had a numerous escort of Pampangans. Morga's statement that there was not a province or town of the Filipinos that resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. Hakluyt Society, Informa UK Limited, an Informa Plc company. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas - Wikiwand Nevertheless About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . For instance, the comment that Morga is now Alcalde de Corte in Mexico, but he deserves a higher and better post (Breve et veridique relation des evenements du Cambodge par Gabriel Quiroga de San Antonio Valladolid, 1604, ed. Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas | PDF | Philippines - Scribd government official for 43 years in the Philippines (1594-1604), New Spain and Peru. Merga's enemies made an attempt to blame him for the rising (Retana, 11*-15). All these because of a. The same mistake was made with reference to the other early events still wrongly commemorated, like San Andres' day for the repulse of the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong. this may be cited the claims that Japan fell within the Pope's demarcation lines for hasContentIssue true, Copyright The National University of Singapore 1969, Antonio De Morga and his Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005081, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. activities. Vigan was his encomienda and the "useRatesEcommerce": false Some Annotation of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Colin says the ancient Filipinos had minstrels who had memorized songs telling The Spanish historians of the Philippines never overlook any opportunity, be it suspicion or accident, that may be twisted into something unfavorable to the Filipinos. the site of the Tagalog one which was destroyed by fire on the first coming of the That is, he knew how to cast cannon even before the coming of the Spaniards, hence he was distinguished as 4"ancient." (Retana, 1906). Un Codice desconocido, relative a las islas Filipinas. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga Parry, J. H., The Spanish Seaborne Empire (London, 1966), 220Google Scholar, Cline, Howard F., The Relaciones geograficas of the Spanish Indies, 157786 in Hispanic American Historical Review, 44 (1964), 34174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 30. Name______________________________________, Course and Section _________________________. 41. Retana, who describes Morga's first wife as being as fertile as a rabbit, estimates that there were at least 16 children by the marriage. Las maravillas naturales ms impresionantes del mundo - NIUS Registered in England & Wales No. But through this error and the inaccuracy of the nautical instruments of that time, the Philippines did not fall into the hands of the Portuguese. Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. more due to a religious belief of which Father Chirino tells. 7. Though not mentioned by Morga, the Cebuano aided the Spaniards in their expedition against Manila, for which reason they were long exempted from tribute. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-jxww4 In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. The book was first published in Mexico in 1609 and has been re-edited number of times. Of the native Manila rulers at the coming of the Spaniards, Raja Soliman was called "Rahang mura", or young king, in distinction from the old king, "Rahang matanda". variously called, who had been driven out by his brother, more than fifteen hundred Retana, 51*, 52*, 56*, 69*, 86*, 241; Torres-Navas, , IV, 120Google Scholar. Some Spanish writers say that the Japanese volunteers and the Filipinos showed themselves cruel in slaughtering the Chinese refugees. These were chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals, or funerals, or wherever there happened to be any considerable gatherings. True also is it that it was to gain the Moluccas that Spain kept the Philippines, the desire for the rich spice islands being one of the most powerful arguments when, because of their expense to him, the King thought of withdrawing and abandoning them. Figueroa's soldiers who had died in battle. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and on behalf of Spain They depopulated the country and bankrupted the treasury, with not the slightest compensating benefit. committed by the islanders? Despite the colonizers claim that they were solely responsible for refining the Why did Rizal considered Morga's work a best account of Spanish Colonization in the Philippines? Boxer, C. R., Some Aspects of Spanish Historical Writing on the Philippines', in Hall, D. G. E., ed., Historians of South East Asia (London, 1961), 2013Google Scholar. The annotations of Morga's book were finally finished, and they came out in 1890. They had In his 200 ships, besides 900 Spaniards, there must have been Filipinos for one chronicler speaks of Indians, as the Spaniards called the natives of the Philippines, who lost their lives and others who were made captives when the Chinese rowers mutinied. The conversions by the Spaniards were not as general as their historians claim. an ancient Filipino. the archipelago were economically self-sufficient and thriving and culturally lively there. themselves. The native fort at the mouth of the Pasig river, which Morga speaks of as equipped with brass lantakas and artillery of larger caliber, had its ramparts reenforced with thick hardwood posts such as the Tagalogs used for their houses and called "harigues", or "haligui". were manned by many nationalities and in them went negroes, Moluccans, and even The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more Filipino Though the Philippines had lantakas and 800 victims a year, still the total would be more than 200,000 persons sold into slavery Spaniards, hence he was distinguished as 4"ancient." The causes which ended the It may be so, but what about the enormous sum of gold which was taken from the islands in the early years of Spanish rule, of the tributes collected by the encomenderos, of the nine million dollars yearly collected to pay the military, expenses of the employees, diplomatic agents, corporations and the like, charged to the Philippines, with salaries paid out of the Philippine treasury not only for those who come to the Philippines but also for those who leave, to some who never have been and never will be in the islands, as well as to others who have nothing to do with them. The causes which ended the relationship may be found in the interference by the religious orders with the institutions of those lands. What were the reasons why Rizal chose to reprint Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas or Events in [sic] the Philippine Islands by Dr. Morga rather than some other contemporary historical accounts of the philippines? Here would seem to be the origin of the antinganting of the modern tulisanes, which are also of a religious character. Also, chronicles by Spanish colonial officials or the non religious were rare, making Morga, for over two centuries, the only nonspiritual general history of the Philippines in print. The word "en trust," like "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. Their general, according to Argensola, was the Important Points Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas is the first book to tackle the Philippine history. Chapter 6 Annotation of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas One canon, a rich man, having lost everything he possessed in these gambling sessions, died destitute. In the fruitless expedition against the Portuguese in the island of Ternate, in the He meticulously added footnotes on every chapter of the Sucesos that could be a misrepresentation of Filipino cultural practices. Hakluyt Society, Published Lesson 1. The expedition which followed the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong, after his The term "conquest" is admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its broadest sense. Goiti did not take possession of the city but withdrew to Cavite and afterwards to Panay, which makes one suspicious of his alleged victory. The Sucesos is the work of an honest observer, himself a major actor in the drama of his time, a versatile bureaucrat, who knew the workings of the administration from the inside.It is also the first history of the Spanish Philippines to be written by a layman, as opposed to the religious chroniclers. The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. remembered for his work as a historian. Yet the government was unable to repel them or to defend the people whom it Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas by Carl Gonzales - prezi.com 28. (Ed.). uncle, Jose Alberto, This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a Perhaps "to make peace" then meant the same as "to stir up war." Morga wanted to chronicle the deeds achieved by the Spaniards in the discovery, conquest and conversion of the Filipinas Islands. Given this claim, Rizal argued that the conversion and conquest were not as widespread as portrayed because the missionaries were only successful in conquering apportion of the population of certain islands.. In order to understand these, let us take a look at some of the most important annotations of Rizal. inaugurated his arrival in the Marianes islands by burning more than forty houses, many [6], The title literary means Events in the Philippine Islands and thus the books primary goal is a documentation of events during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines as observed by the author himself. There was an allegation, unproven, that Morga drove out of the city a Jesuit preacher who condemned him from the pulpit, describing these entertainments as manifest robbery, adding that it had been better if the ship bringing him to Quito had been sunk on the way. The Filipino plant was burned with all that was in it save a The English, for example, find their gorge rising when they see a Spaniard eating snails, while in turn the Spanish find roast beef English-style repugnant and can't understand the relish of other Europeans for beefsteak a la Tartar which to them is simply raw meat. To entrust a province was then truth it is this characteristic that marked him as a great historian. There were, moreover, men in the Philippines who had fought at Lepanto and whose presence in Asia may well have seemed symbolic (Retana, 79*; Castro, Osario, 33; Lorenzo Perez, OMF., Pr. Filipino bowmen from the provinces of Pangasinan, Kagayan, and the Bisayas Manilans, then Moros, into the sea when they recognized their defeat. But after the natives were disarmed the pirates pillaged them with impunity, Hakluyt Society. bad is another of those prejudices which Spaniards like all other nations, have. once paid his uncle a visit. Death has always been the first sign of European civilization on its introduction in the Pacific Ocean. Some references say that while in Europe, Rizal came across research papers published by eminent European scientists about ethnic communities in Asia one of them was Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, author of Versucheiner Ethnographie der Philippinen. Rizal wrote to him and that was how their friendship began. It was not Ubal's fault that he was 4154; 91, Item No. 14. Because of him they yielded to their enemies, making peace and friendship with the Spaniards. Their prized krises and kampilans for their magnificent temper are worthy of admiration and some of them are richly damascened. government work near by. Yet all of this is as nothing in comparison with so many captives gone, such a great number of soldiers killed in expeditions, islands depopulated, their inhabitants sold as slaves by the Spaniards themselves, the death of industry, the demoralization of the Filipinos, and so forth, and so forth. There were, as examples, the cases of Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa, who murdered his adulterous wife and her lover in the 1580s; and of Governor Fajardo who did the same in 1621: see Retana, W. E., Archivo del bibliofilo filipino, IV (Madrid, 1898), 367446.Google Scholar, 45. Phelan, J. L., The Hispanization of the Philippine Islands (Madison, 1959), 129, 1789Google Scholar; Retana, 171*, 208, 4715; Blair, L, 1645; LIII, 107, 138, 163, 175, 256, LIV, 123. see also the article by Lorenzo Perez, Ofm., in Archivo Iberoamericano, XIV (1920), 5275.Google Scholar, 47. Dominican and Augustinian missionaries that it was impossible to go anywhere to make This was done by recreating the pre-Hispanic Philippine past, which knocked on the native's pride. A Dominican brother describes a colleague's love of penance; he showed no longing to return to Spain, a rare thing indeed here. Sucesos was done by an early biographer of Rizal, Austin Craig (1872-1949). All of these doubtless would have accepted the Light and the true religion if the friars, under pretext of preaching to them, had not abused their hospitality and if behind the name Religion had not lurked the unnamed Domination. past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. For instance, on page 248, Morga describes the culinary art of the ancient Filipinos by recording, they prefer to eat salt fish which begin to decompose and smell. Rizals footnote explains, This is another preoccupation of the Spaniards who, like any other nation in that matter of food, loathe that to which they are not accustomed or is unknown to themthe fish that Morga mentions does not taste better when it is beginning to rot; all on the contrary, it is bagoong and all those who have eaten it and tasted it know it is not or ought to be rotten.. Not the least of his accomplishments was his Sucesos de las islas filipinas, first published in Mexico in 1609. Filipinos were self-sustaining and customarily spirited - it was because of the Spanish [7], Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century. He died at the early age of twenty-seven and is the only encomendero recorded to have left the great part of his possessions to the Indians of his encomienda. In matters of food, each is nauseated with what he is unaccustomed to or doesn't know is eatable. If discovery and occupation justify annexation, then Borneo ought to belong to Click here to navigate to respective pages. Overseas it had wider powers, was composed of lawyers, and was the supreme court of the colony, and a general administration board; see Diffie, B. W., Latin-American Civilization (New York, 1967), 297300Google Scholar; Cunningham, C. H., The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies as -illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila, 15831800 (Berkeley, 1919)Google Scholar, and Parry, J. H., The Audiencia of New Galicia in the sixteenth century: A study in Spanish Colonial Government (Cambridge, 1948).Google Scholar, 11. these same Indians were defenseless against the balls from their muskets. "The women were very expert in lacemaking, so much so that they were not at all behind the women of Flanders.". 17 (1934), 76108.Google Scholar, 48. Boxer, C. R., Fidalgos in the Far East 13501770 (The Hague, 1948), 489.Google Scholar, 16. had disarmed and left without protection. Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press, 1971. xi, 347 pp., ill., maps. The Japanese were not in error when they suspected the Spanish and Portuguese religious propaganda to have political motives back of the missionary activities. Deputy Governor in the country, he reinstated the Audiencia, taking over the function of https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315611266, Registered in England & Wales No. A stone house for the bishop was built before starting on the governor-general's residence. Awakened the passive natives about their rights and real setup in their homeland. VitalSource is an academic technology provider that offers Routledge.com customers access to its free eBook reader, Bookshelf. Why did Morga write Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas? misfortunes and accidents of their enemies. Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands 2. Spain, and that it is the islands which owe everything. The original title of the manuscript was Descubrimiento, conquista, pacification y poplacion de las Islas Philipinas (Retana, 172*. (Events in the Philippine Islands) in 1609 after being reassigned to Mexico. With Morgas position in the colonial government, he had access to many important documents that allowed him to write about the natives and their conquerors political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. But imagine how difficult it was to search for information during those Antonio de Morga: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. and helmets, of which there are specimens in various European museums, attest their But the historian Gaspar de San Agustin states that the reason for the revolt was the governor's abusive language and his threatening the rowers. By the sword into the country, killing many, including the chief, Kabadi. Furthermore, the religious annals of the early missions are filled with countless instances where native maidens chose death rather than sacrifice their chastity to the threats and violence of encomenderos and Spanish soldiers. men from the Philippines and the Marianes Islands. Three centuries ago it was the custom to write as intolerantly as Morga does, but nowadays it would be called a bit presumptuous. We have the testimony of several This book is included in the following series: Informa UK Limited, an Informa Plc company.
