c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. They act as the instructions to make proteins, and it is estimated by the Human Genome Project that we have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. Through their training and their professional activities, clinical psychologists become very familiar with the definitions of various forms of abnormal behavior and the ways it differs from normal behavior. d. propositions. a. starting treatment for a diagnosed mental health condition b. passing out educational materials that describe modifiable risk factors for mental illness c. providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed d. advocating for federal legislation that protects individuals mental health in the workplace. With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: a. resonate with many people who are eager to explore these issues. There is no individual model that completely explains human behavior and so each model contributes in its own way. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. d. psychodynamic. 152. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? c. role-playing. c. Beck. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: a. point out the clients misconceptions. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. Which type of theorist would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? Transducers or receptor cells in the major organs of our five sensory systems vision (the eyes), hearing (the ears), smell (the nose), touch (the skin), and taste (the tongue) convert the physical energy that they detect or sense and send it to the brain via the neural impulse. As such, he continues to steal her toys. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. Of importance to mental health professionals are the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, and which release cortisol to help the body deal with stress. 2.4: The Sociocultural Model - Social Sci LibreTexts According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? See Figure 2.1 below. b. sociocultural The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. In terms of distinctive structures, these focus on the ability of a neuron to send and receive information. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. 50. a. low activity of GABA b. absence of dopamine c. low activity of serotonin d. excessive activity of norepinephrine. b. it is unclear whether problematic behaviors and cognitions are the cause of psychological difficulties or the result. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). Recall that a neuron is usually at resting potential and polarized. Robin struggles to make decisions about romantic partners, jobs, and even what to wear. d. There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy. What is learning and what forms does it take? Did it start again and your parents could not figure out why? d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. d. Bandura. b. support the ideas of positive psychology. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. The information is received by brain structures (central nervous system) and perception occurs. d. The effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated. We take the information just detected and use it to assign people to categories, or groups. Food, water, temperature, and sex, for instance, are primary reinforcers, while extreme cold or hot or a punch on the arm are inherently punishing. Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. 2.3.2.5. Since you dont have time, you decide to study only for the classes in which the teacher provided a study guide. b. increase feelings of gratitude and decrease feelings of fear. C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. b. drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. 12. Behaviorally test your thought. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: 2.3.1.5. The biological treatment known as psychosurgery would MOST likely be used in the treatment of a patient with: a. a severe disorder that is also associated with a high risk of suicide. According to cognition-focused therapists, which is a factor in abnormal behavior? Add them up and see if making some minor, or major, adjustments to your schedule will free an hour to get in some valuable exercise. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. 72. The neuron. a. behavior-focused d. early life experiences shape one's later behavior. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: a. instincts, the ego, and the self. Shonda responds by changing the subject. a. cognitive-behavioral When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? Low socioeconomic status has been linked to higher rates of mental and physical illness (Ng, Muntaner, Chung, & Eaton, 2014) due to persistent concern over unemployment or under-employment, low wages, lack of health insurance, no savings, and the inability to put food on the table, which then leads to feeling hopeless, helpless, and dependency on others. The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of. d. cognitive-behavioral. When a doctor strikes your knee with that little hammer, your leg extends out automatically. c. There is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. Electroconvulsive therapy. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. Also, many treatment techniques have been developed and proven to be effective over the years. b. What is the effect of genes, hormones, and viruses on the development of mental disorders? Biological Treatments for Psychological Abnormalities a. multicultural b. biological c. humanistic d. cognitive-behavioral, 136. Which statement regarding the outcomes of couple therapy is FALSE? 22. The principle of multifinality emphasizes that: a. stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? 64. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people within poor subpopulations, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which: a. personal responsibility is related to dysfunction. c. denial. In the case of when, it will be either fixed or at a set rate, or variable and at a rate that changes. During a meeting, Shondas manager asks her to free associate about her coworkers performance. a. guidelines. Existential therapy is used to treat substance abuse, excessive anxiety, apathy, alienation, nihilism, avoidance, shame, addiction, despair, depression, guilt, anger, rage, resentment, embitterment, purposelessness, psychosis, and violence. d. client-centered therapy. d. caution the patient against using religious-based counseling services. c. cognitive-behavioral therapy. The response re-emerges. a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the clients family structure, societal norms, and the clients roles in society. The last part of the personality to develop is the superego, which represents societys expectations, moral standards, rules, and represents our conscience. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. Which is an example of latent content? Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. b. biological forces, culture, and learning. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: a. behavioral. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As such, we will need to establish a foundation for how communication in the nervous system occurs, what the parts of the nervous system are, what a neuron is and its structure, how neural transmission occurs, and what the parts of the brain are. d. This model requires the therapist to predict abnormal behavior in individuals. To effectively treat a mental disorder, we must understand its cause. This model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. Describe the structure of the neuron and all key parts. c. gestalt d. use conscious thought as a means to decrease physiological signs of anxiety. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. Ego-defense mechanisms are in place to protect us from this pain but are considered maladaptive if they are misused and become our primary way of dealing with stress. The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. Rogers stated that the humanistic therapist should be warm, understanding, supportive, respectful, and accepting of his/her clients. c. double-blind studies. d. development of sociopathic tendencies. The Humanistic and Existential Perspectives. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. Figure 2.10. c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. 2.2.1.1. b. social factors leading to stress. 2.3.4. A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: a. unknown causes. a. long-term memory b. numerical and spatial reasoning c. autonomic nervous system functioning d. feelings of social connectedness among teens, 105. One option to treat severe mental illness is psychotropic medications. b. cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. Bertha (Anna O.) Chapter Recap. Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. 143. The MOST likely consequence of having acquired conditions of worth is: a. social isolation. These therapies have proven efficacy for the treatment of depression (Kalibatseva & Leong, 2014) and schizophrenia (Naeem et al., 2015). b. exposure therapy. d. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning. Depression occurs with greater frequency in women than men. If we are not motivated to perform an observed behavior, we probably will not show what we have learned. 18. d. It produces a steady stream of low-voltage electricity to the targeted brain areas. c. neurotransmitters. c. it pays too little attention to the role early life experiences. d. the adverse effects of drugs will result in worse quality of life than the abnormality brings. Banduras Classic Experiment. Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. Breuers wife, Mathilde, became jealous of her husbands relationship with the young girl, leading Breuer to terminate treatment in June of 1882 before Anna had fully recovered. 114. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of: a. modeling. d. lend itself easily to research. A patient has social anxiety disorder. 85. Acceptance and commitment therapy borrows heavily from _____, which teaches individuals to pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that are flowing through their minds, and to accept their thoughts in a nonjudgmental way. The superego is partly conscious but mostly unconscious, and part of it becomes our conscience. d. cognitive. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. 51. Over time I learned that attention was good. This criticism would be true of behaviorisms first two stages, though sociobehaviorism steered away from this proposition and even fought against any mechanistic leanings of behaviorists. The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _____ model. Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. What if? Where do you sit in class, if you are on a physical campus and not an online student? d. fear. Again, your schema about front row and back row students is incorrect and causes you to make certain assumptions about these individuals. A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. Would you want notes from the student in the front or back of the class? a. modeling. a. short-term psychodynamic therapy b. psychoanalysis c. traditional psychodynamic therapy d. relational psychoanalytic therapy. According to Freud, consciousness had three levels (consciousness, preconscious, and the unconscious), personality had three parts (the id, ego, and superego), personality developed over five stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital), there are ten defense mechanisms to protect the ego such as repression and sublimation, and finally three assessment techniques (free association, transference, and dream analysis) could be used to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. b. repression. Nervous breakdown c. Impairment d. Distress 78. d. unconscious feelings of loss. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape c. sociocultural. 151. Rita is seeing a gestalt therapist because she has anxiety about confronting her sister regarding painful interactions from their childhood. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? d. it is too narrow in certain ways. Some researchers have manipulated the behaviors and thoughts of study participants to create clinical-like symptoms. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Which type of theorist would focus on the athletes illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Overgeneralizing You see a larger pattern of negatives based on one event. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? This action MOST strongly suggests that the _____ is firmly in control of Nikolai. Bertha, known in published case studies as Anna O., was expected to complete the formal education typical of upper-middle-class girls, which included foreign language, religion, horseback riding, needlepoint, and piano. Least difficult situations are handled first, followed by more difficult situations, all while rehearsing and mastering all the situations present in the hierarchy. b. laissez-faire parenting style. c. how prejudice and discrimination impact women. For more on these, visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring. After you perform poorly on the exam, you blame your professor. Both types of instincts are sources of stimulation in the body and create a state of tension that is unpleasant, thereby motivating us to reduce them. Does extinction happen as soon as the anticipated reinforcer is removed? She works very hard to do things that other people would like and to make people like her. PSY470 Models of Abnormality - Running Head: BENCHMARK - StuDocu b. b. Existentialists believe that research isnt necessary, because the effectiveness of existential therapy is already apparent due to its widespread success. c. The receiving neurons fire. c. maintenance. c. Two-thirds of treated couples achieve marital satisfaction by the end of therapy. A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? 2.3.3.1. 73. An example was the attention I received for saying I was Chicken Little. 87. Second, the viewpoint that all human behavior is explainable in biological terms, and therefore when issues arise, they can be treated using biological methods, overlooks factors that are not fundamentally biological. This approach came to be called client-centered therapy. The sympathetic nervous system is involved when a person is intensely aroused. The final section is a Hormonal imbalances. What happens when an electrical impulse reaches a neurons ending? b. hypotheses. This thought is an example of: a. depression. Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: a. authentic. ADHD is more common in males than females, though females are more likely to have inattention issues. What is learning? Shonda responds by changing the subject. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the former we will discuss briefly and in terms of key structures which include: Of course, this is not an exhaustive list of structures found in the brain but gives you a pretty good idea of function and which structure is responsible for it. d. cognitive-behavioral. Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple genes and other factorssuch as stress, abuse, or a traumatic eventwhich can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an inherited susceptibility to it (https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1). When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: a. avoid discussing religion. She died shortly after this interrogation on May 28, 1936. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? New evidence suggests nerve cell connections, nerve cell growth, and the functioning of nerve circuits have a major impact on depression and areas that play a significant role in depression are the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Also, individuals with borderline personality disorder have been shown to have structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with impulse control and emotional regulation, while imaging studies reveal differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures for those suffering from OCD. d. behavioral. The drug eliminates the biological urge to drink alcohol. b. denial. The biggest criticism of these models is that the concepts are abstract and fuzzy and so very difficult to research. For more on the role of genes in the development of mental illness, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/saving-normal/201604/what-you-need-know-about-the-genetics-mental-disorders. 76. First, the id is the impulsive part that expresses our sexual and aggressive instincts. Eventually the fact that no food comes will extinguish this reaction but still, it will be weird for a bit). It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well.
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